A minha opinião é a seguinte:
Não me venham com cantigas da carochinha, em que os atletas não sabem o que tomam.
(...)
Coitadinhos não sabiam que lá estava essa substancia...
A minha opinião é a seguinte:
Não me venham com cantigas da carochinha, em que os atletas não sabem o que tomam. Com toda a informação disponível na internet, revistas, artigos, sites etc, todos têm acesso a eles e a preços bastantes acessíveis.
(...)
Uma das coisas que me deixa as vezes preocupado não é aquilo que tomamos a saber, mas aquilo que por vezes nos é dado a tomar sem o nosso conhecimento. Tenho um miúdo a fazer as escolas de ciclismo e imagino o que poderá acontecer quando for um Júnior em que os resultados já tanto importam, nas quais eles acreditam que o que lhes colocam nas águas etc.. é normal.
(...)
Abraço GAF
Group C Supplements - Supplements which have little proof of beneficial effects
This category includes the majority of supplements and sports products promoted to athletes. These supplements, despite enjoying a cyclical pattern of popularity and widespread use, have not been proven to provide a worthwhile enhancement of sports performance. Although we can't categorically state that they don't "work", current scientific evidence shows that either the likelihood of benefits is very small or that any benefits that occur are too small to be useful. In fact, in some cases, these supplements have been shown to impair sports performance, with a clear mechanism to explain these results. We have named many of the products that belong in this category, but others that have not been named in our supplement system more than likely belong here.
* Branched chain amino acids (& other free-from amino acids)
* Carnitine
* Chromium picolinate
* Coenzyme Q10
* Cordyceps
* Cytochrome C
* Gamma-oryzanol & ferulic acid
* Ginseng
* Inosine
* Lactaway
* Nitric oxide supplements
* Oxygenated waters
* Pyruvate
* Rhodiola rosea
* Vitamin supplements when used in situations other than summarised in Group A
* ZMA
Group D Supplements - These supplements should not be used
These supplements are banned or are at high risk of being contaminated with substances that could lead to a positive drug test.
* Androstenedione
* 19-norandrostenediol
* 19-norandrostenedione DHEA
* Ephedra
* Strychnine
* Tribulus terrestris & other herbal testosterone supplements
* Glycerol
* Methylhexaneamine
:fpalmaqui a pouco começam a dizer que foi de comerem um bife com batatas fritas que estava contaminado...
Não critico quem toma tudo o quanto é substância para aumentar o seu desempenho tipo aquelas cenas que as lojas não podem ter à venda as vendem pela dita "porta do cavalo" isso só faz é mal prejudica a saúde não a curto prazo mas sim a longo o que é grave. Enfim cada um sabe de si se o produto estava contaminado e no rótulo não vinha essa informação então a empresa deve ser penalizada e não os atletas. Só tenho pena que no btt não seja como no ciclismo de estrada começam um prova controlo anti-dopping terminam vão lá novamente são analisados sem aviso prévio o controlo é muito apertado daí não existirem muitos caso de dopping. Agora no btt ve-se perfeitamente que há muito pessoal que parece não não parte um prato e vamos ver parte a loiça toda ou seja mete material que não é permitido ingerir antes durante e depois das provas. Se esse control fosse mais eficiente e mais vezes repetidos tanto em provas federadas como não federadas não se via tanta coisa anormal dou vos como exemplo imaginem e se pensarem bem vão ver o que digo pois já toda a gente viu, passa-se por um gajo que a meio da prova vai todo roto passa-se a a ultima ZA e o mesmo gajo que nós passamos uns bons quilometros antes passa por nós com uma bisga que não o apanhamos até à meta. Agora digam-me analisando esta situação onde foi buscar tanta energia se já ia todo rebentado? Sejamos honestos aqui à gato houve material à mistura. Mas cada um sabe de si enfim. Boa sorte aos atletas e que se apure a verdade que sejam punidos os culpados.
Inadvertent doping outcomes
High-level sports competition is usually governed by an anti-doping code that bans the use of substances or methods judged to be hazardous to health or against the spirit of sport. (...) These banned substances include ‘pro-hormones’ (chemicals related to anabolic steroids that were recently permitted to be sold over the counter in the US and other countries) as well as stimulants such as ephedrine. (...)
Clearly, you don’t want to suffer the stigma and consequences of a positive drug test simply because you aren’t paying attention to what you put in your mouth. Unfortunately, we now know that careful label reading is not sufficient to avoid a doping ‘positive’ from supplement use.
However, even when athletes take such precautions, inadvertent intake of banned substances from supplement products can still occur. This is because supplements contain banned products without declaring them as ingredients; is a result of contamination or poor labelling within lax manufacturing processes. The pro-hormone substances seem to provide the greatest risk of inadvertent consumption via supplement use, with a positive test for the steroid nandrolone being one of the possible outcomes. The most striking evidence of these problems was uncovered by a study carried out by a laboratory accredited by International Olympic Committee (Geyer et al. 2004). This study analysed 634 supplements from 215 suppliers in 13 countries, with products being sourced from retail outlets (91%), the Internet (8%) and telephone sales. None of these supplements declared pro-hormones as ingredients, and came from both manufacturers who produced other supplements containing hormones as well as companies who did not sell these products.Ninety-four of the supplements (15% of the sample) were found to contain hormones or pro-hormones that were not stated on the product label. A further 10% of samples provided technical difficulties in analysis such that the absence of hormones could not be guaranteed. Of the ‘positive’ supplements, 68% contained pro-hormones of testosterone, 7% contained pro-hormones of nandrolone, and 25% contained compounds related to both. Forty-nine of the supplements contained only one steroid, but 45 contained more than one, with eight products containing five or more different steroid products. According to the labels on the products, the countries of manufacture of all supplements containing steroids were the USA, the Netherlands, the UK, Italy and Germany; however, these products were purchased in other countries. In fact, 10–20% of products purchased in Spain and Austria were found to be contaminated. Just over 20% of the products made by companies selling pro-hormones were positive for undeclared pro-hormones, but 10% of products from companies that did not sell steroid-containing supplements were also positive. The brand names of the ‘positive’ products were not provided in the study, but included amino acid supplements, protein powders, and products containing creatine, carnitine, ribose, guarana, zinc, pyruvate, HMB, Tribulus terristris, herbal extracts and vitamins/minerals. It was noted that a positive urinary test for nandrolone metabolites occurs in the hours following uptake of as little of 1 μg of nandrolone pro-hormones. The positive supplements contained steroid concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 190 μg per gram of product.
This is a major area of concern for serious athletes who compete in competitions that apply anti-doping codes, since many of these codes place liability with the athlete for ingestion of banned substances, regardless of the circumstances and the source of ingestion. As such, full penalties can be expected for a positive doping test arising from the ingestion of a banned substance that is a contaminant or undeclared ingredient of a supplement.